What is Type 1 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes is a serious, lifelong condition where your blood glucose level is too high because your body can't make a hormone calle...
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Type 1 diabetes is a serious, lifelong condition where your blood glucose level is too high because your body can't make a hormone called insulin.
What causes Type 1 diabetes?
About 10 per cent of people with diabetes in the UK have Type 1 diabetes. It’s got nothing to do with diet or lifestyle, it just happens. We're still not sure what causes it.
When you have Type 1 diabetes, your body attacks the cells in your pancreas that make insulin, so you can't produce any insulin at all.
And we all need insulin to live. It does an essential job. It allows the glucose in our blood to enter our cells and fuel our bodies.
When you have Type 1 diabetes, your body still breaks down the carbohydrate from food and drink and turns it into glucose (sugar). But when the glucose enters your bloodstream, there's no insulin to allow it into your body's cells. More and more glucose then builds up in your bloodstream.
Symptoms of Type 1 diabetes
So what does this mean? Well, before diagnosis, your body tries to get rid of the glucose through your kidneys, and that makes you wee a lot. Weeing so much leads to another symptom of diabetes – extreme thirst.
And because glucose can’t enter your cells to give you energy, you’ll feel incredibly tired. To try and get energy the body breaks down fat stores to provide fuel. That’s why people often lose weight before discovering they’ve got Type 1 diabetes.
These symptoms tend to come on quickly – over just a few days or weeks. Anyone who has these symptoms should see a doctor as soon as possible.
Managing Type 1 diabetes
If you’ve got Type 1 diabetes, you get insulin into your body by injecting it, or using an insulin pump, which delivers a constant supply into you.
You’ll also need to check your blood glucose levels are not too low or too high by using a blood glucose testing device several times a day. When you start taking insulin, you’ll begin to feel better and your blood glucose levels will go down.
This is important because over a long period of time, high glucose levels in your blood can seriously damage you heart, your eyes, your feet and your kidneys. These are known as the complications of diabetes.
But with the right treatment and care, the long-term effects of diabetes and high glucose levels can be managed.
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1 in every 10 Australians has type 1 diabetes. Type 1 is usually caused when there is auto-immune destruction of insulin making cell in pancreas. Therefore, no insulin is made in the body. It commonly affects in childhood and people under 30. There is no cure for Type 1. It is managed with insulin injections, exercise and nutrition.
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